Learning Disorders

Learning disorders (also known as learning disabilities) are neurologically based conditions that affect how a person understands, processes, and responds to information. These disorders are not related to intelligence but can impact a child’s ability to read, write, spell, do math, or concentrate.

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Early identification and support through special education and remedial therapy can help children overcome these challenges.

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1. Dyslexia (Reading Disorder)

Dyslexia is one of the most common learning disabilities. It affects a child’s ability to read fluently and accurately.

Common signs:

• Difficulty recognizing letters or sounds

• Slow, laborious reading

• Poor spelling

• Avoidance of reading activities

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2. Dysgraphia (Writing Disorder)

Dysgraphia affects writing ability, including spelling, handwriting, and organizing thoughts on paper.

Common signs:

• Illegible handwriting

• Inconsistent spacing and letter sizes

• Trouble putting thoughts into words

• Avoiding written tasks

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3. Dyscalculia (Math Disorder)

Dyscalculia is a learning disability that impacts math-related skills.

Common signs:

• Difficulty understanding numbers and symbols

• Problems with basic math operations

• Trouble remembering formulas or sequences

• Anxiety related to math

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4. Nonverbal Learning Disorder (NVLD)

NVLD affects nonverbal skills like coordination, visual-spatial awareness, and social skills, even if verbal skills are strong.

Common signs:

• Trouble reading body language or social cues

• Difficulty with puzzles or visual tasks

• Poor coordination and motor skills

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5. Auditory and Visual Processing Disorders

These affect how the brain processes auditory or visual information, even if hearing and eyesight are normal.

Signs of Auditory Processing Disorder:

• Difficulty understanding spoken instructions

• Trouble distinguishing similar sounds

Signs of Visual Processing Disorder:

• Trouble copying from the board

• Skipping words or lines when reading

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6. ADHD (Often Co-Occurring)

Though not a learning disorder itself, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often coexists with learning disabilities and affects attention, organization, and impulse control.

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Causes of Learning Disorders

• Genetic factors

• Brain development differences

• Premature birth or low birth weight

• Head injuries

• Environmental factors during pregnancy

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When to Seek Help

Contact a special educator or child psychologist in India if your child:

• Struggles significantly in school despite normal intelligence

• Shows frustration or anxiety around reading, writing, or math

• Can’t focus or complete tasks independently

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Support and Treatment

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Children with learning disabilities benefit from:

• Remedial education

• Special education plans

• Speech and language therapy

• Behavior therapy or counseling

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Early intervention can boost confidence, academic success, and overall well-being.

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